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| Woodcut | |||||||
| A
woodcut is a method of printing in which an image is carved into the
surface of a piece of wood, with the printing parts remaining level
with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically
with chisels. The image is then inked by rolling over the surface
with an inked roller, leaving ink upon the flat surface but not in
the non-printing areas. Paper is then placed face-down on the woodblock
and pressure is applied to the back, either by printing press or with
hand-held tools such as a spoon or a baren (though any hard, slightly
curved surface will do). The ink is transferred to the paper by the
pressure, and the mirror image of the surface of the woodblock is
printed. Multiple colors can be printed by keying the paper to a frame
around the woodblocks (where one woodcut is used for each color).
A quicker method of separating printing from non-printing areas is to cover the printing areas with shield of some kind, and then blast the whole surface, either by sandblasting or shot-blasting. The shield may be a metal outline, or a thick coat of rubber cement or similar compound can be painted on. Woodcut generally reached a very high level of technical and artistic development in Japan. Also known as a woodblock or woodprinting. Linocut is a variant of woodcut, in which a sheet of linoleum is used for the relief surface. The image is carved out of the surface, with the raised parts that remain at the level of the surface being the printing parts; linoluem is much easier to cut than wood, but the pressure of the printing process degrades the plate faster. Artists: Emil Nolde, Paul Gauguin, Edvard Munch, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Erich Heckel, Olga Rozanova, Helen Frakenthaler, Georg Baselitz, A.R. Penck, Joel Shapiro, and Willie Cole.
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wood block
the block
